Abstract
Inflammatory reactions in the CNS, resulting from a loss of control and involving
a network of non-neuronal and neuronal cells, are major contributors to the onset
and progress of several major neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic strategies should
therefore keep or restore the well-controlled and finely-tuned balance of immune reactions,
and protect neurons from inflammatory damage. In our study, we selected plants of
the Malaysian rain forest by an ethnobotanic survey, and investigated them in cell-based-assay-systems
and in living brain tissue cultures in order to identify anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective
effects. We found that alcoholic extracts from the tropical plant Knema laurina (Black wild nutmeg) exhibited highly anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects
in cell culture experiments, reduced NO- and IL-6-release from activated microglia
cells dose-dependently, and protected living brain tissue from microglia-mediated
inflammatory damage at a concentration of 30 µg/ml. On the intracellular level, the
extract inhibited ERK-1/2-phosphorylation, IkB-phosphorylation and subsequently NF-kB-translocation
in microglia cells. K. laurina belongs to the family of Myristicaceae, which have been used for centuries for treatment
of digestive and inflammatory diseases and is also a major food plant of the Giant
Hornbill. Moreover, extract from K. laurina promotes also neurogenesis in living brain tissue after oxygen–glucose deprivation.
In conclusion, extract from K. laurina not only controls and limits inflammatory reaction after primary neuronal damage,
it promotes moreover neurogenesis if given hours until days after stroke-like injury.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 25, 2008
Accepted:
October 13,
2008
Received in revised form:
October 7,
2008
Received:
May 10,
2008
Identification
Copyright
© 2008 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
