Journal of Neuroimmunology
Volume 221, Issue 1 , Pages 101-106 , 15 April 2010

Ectopic and high CXCL13 chemokine expression in myasthenia gravis with thymic lymphoid hyperplasia

  • Yu-Ming Shiao

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
    • These two authors contribute equally to this work.
  • ,
  • Chin-Cheng Lee

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • These two authors contribute equally to this work.
  • ,
  • Yung-Hsiang Hsu

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital and University Hualien, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Shiu-Feng Huang

      Affiliations

    • Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Chung-Yen Lin

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Information Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Ling-Hui Li

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Cathy S.-J. Fann

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Chang-Youh Tsai

      Affiliations

    • Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Shih-Feng Tsai

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
    • Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding authors. Tsai is to be contacted at Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 37 246166x35310; fax: +886 37 586459. Chiu, Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 2 28332211x2597; fax: +886 2 28389465.
  • ,
  • Hou-Chang Chiu

      Affiliations

    • School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding authors. Tsai is to be contacted at Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 37 246166x35310; fax: +886 37 586459. Chiu, Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 2 28332211x2597; fax: +886 2 28389465.

Received 29 June 2009 ,Revised 14 January 2010 ,Accepted 15 February 2010.

References 

  1. Ansel KM, Ngo VN, Hyman PL, Luther SA, Förster R, Sedgwick JD, et al. A chemokine-driven positive feedback loop organizes lymphoid follicles. Nature. 2000;406:309–314
  2. Ansel KM, Harris RB, Cyster JG. CXCL13 is required for B1 cell homing, natural antibody production, and body cavity immunity. Immunity. 2002;16:67–76
  3. Barone F, Bombardieri M, Manzo A, Blades MC, Morgan PR, Challacombe SJ, et al. Association of CXCL13 and CCL21 expression with the progressive organization of lymphoid-like structures in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:1773–1784
  4. Buckingham JM, Howard FM, Bernatz PE, Payne WS, Harrison EG, O'Brien PC, et al. The value of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: a computer-assisted matched study. Ann. Surg. 1976;184:453–458
  5. Carlsen HS, Baekkevold ES, Morton HC, Haraldsen G, Brandtzaeg P. Monocyte-like and mature macrophages produce CXCL13 (B cell-attracting chemokine 1) in inflammatory lesions with lymphoid neogenesis. Blood. 2004;104:3021–3027
  6. Dauphinée M, Tovar Z, Talal N. B cells expressing CD5 are increased in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1988;31:642–647
  7. Drachman DB. Myasthenia gravis. New Engl. J. Med. 1994;330:1797–1810
  8. Feferman T, Maiti PK, Berrih-Aknin S, Bismuth J, Bidault J, Fuchs S, et al. Overexpression of IFN-induced protein 10 and its receptor CXCR3 in myasthenia gravis. J. Immunol. 2005;174:5324–5331
  9. Förster R, Mattis AE, Kremmer E, Wolf E, Brem G, Lipp M. A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of spleen. Cell. 1996;87:1037–1047
  10. Gronseth GS, Barohn RJ. Practice parameter: thymectomy for autoimmune myasthenia gravis (an evidence-based review): report of Quality Standards Subcommittee of American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2000;55:7–15
  11. Gunn MD, Ngo VN, Ansel KM, Ekland EH, Cyster JG, Williams LT. A B-cell-homing chemokine made in lymphoid follicles activates Burkitt's lymphoma receptor-1. Nature. 1998;391:799–803
  12. Hardy RR, Hayakawa K. B cell developmental pathways. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2001;19:595–621
  13. Hayakawa K, Hardy RR. Development and function of B-1 cells. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2000;12:346–353
  14. Hayakawa K, Hardy RR, Parks DR, Herzenberg LA. The “Ly-1 B” cell subpopulations in normal, immunodefective, and autoimmune mice. J. Exp. Med. 1983;157:202–218
  15. Hohlfeld R, Wekerle H. The role of the thymus in myasthenia gravis. Adv. Neuroimmunol. 1994;4:373–386
  16. Ishikawa S, Sato T, Abe M, Nagai S, Onai N, Yoneyama H, et al. Aberrant high expression of B lymphocyte chemokine (BLC/CXCL13) by C11b+CD11c+ dendritic cells in murine lupus and preferential chemotaxis of B1 cells towards BLC. J. Exp. Med. 2001;193:1393–1402
  17. Ito T, Ishikawa S, Sato T, Akadegawa K, Yurino H, Kitabatake M, et al. Defective B1 cell homing to the peritoneal cavity and preferential recruitment of B1 cells in the target organs in a murine model for systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Immunol. 2004;172:3628–3634
  18. Kurtzke JF, Kurland LT. Chapter 66: the epidemiology of neurologic disease. In:  Joynt RJ editors. Rev. ed.. Clinical Neurology. vol. 4:Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott; 1992;80-8
  19. Le Panse R, Cizeron-Clairac G, Bismuth J, Berrih-Aknin S. Microarrays reveal distinct gene signatures in thymus of seropositive and seronegative myasthenia gravis patients and the roles of CC chemokine ligand 21 in thymic hyperplasia. J. Immunol. 2006;177:7868–7869
  20. Meraouna A, Cizeron-Clairac G, Panse RL, Bismuth J, Truffault F, Tallaksen C, et al. The chemokine CXCL13 is a key molecule in autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Blood. 2006;108:432–440
  21. Ngo VN, Korner H, Gunn MD, Schmidt KN, Riminton DS, Cooper MD, et al. Lymphotoxin alpha/beta and tumor necrosis factor are required for stromal cell expression of homing chemokines in B and T cell areas of the spleen. J. Exp. Med. 1999;189:403–412
  22. Onodera H. The role of thymus in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 2005;207:87–98
  23. Pan Q, Kravchenko V, Katz A, Huang S, Ii M, Mathison JC, et al. NF-kappa B-inducing kinase regulates selected gene expression in the Nod2 signaling pathway. Infect. Immun. 2006;74:2121–2127
  24. Papatestas AE, Alpert LI, Osserman KE, Osserman RS, Kark AE. Studies in myasthenia gravis: effects of thymectomy: results on 185 patients with nonthymomatous and thymomatous myasthenia gravis, 1941–1969. Am. J. Med. 1971;50:465–474
  25. Plater-Zyberk C, Maini RN, Lam K, Kennedy TD, Janossy G. A rheumatoid arthritis B cell subset expresses a phenotype similar to that in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Arthritis Rheum. 1985;28:971–976
  26. Poussin MA, Goluszko E, Hughes TK, Duchicella SI, Christadoss P. Suppression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in IL-10 gene-disrupted mice is associated with reduced B cells and serum cytotoxicity on mouse cell line expressing AChR. J. Neuroimmunol. 2000;111:152–160
  27. Roy MP, Kim CH, Butcher EC. Cytokine control of memory B cell homing machinery. J. Immunol. 2002;169:1676–1682
  28. Saito R, Onodera H, Tago H, Suzuki Y, Shimizu M, Matsumura Y, et al. Altered expression of chemokine receptor CXCR5 on T cells of myasthenia gravis patients. J. Neuroimmunol. 2005;170:172–178
  29. Sato T, Ishikawa S, Akadegawa K, Ito T, Yurino H, Kitabatake M, et al. Aberrant B1 cell migration into the thymus results in activation of CD4 T cells through its potent antigen-presenting activity in the development of murine lupus. Eur. J. Immunol. 2004;34:3346–3358
  30. Shi K, Hayashida K, Kaneko M, Hashimoto J, Tomita T, Lipsky PE, et al. Lymphoid chemokine B cell-attracting chemokine-1 (CXCL13) is expressed in germinal center of ectopic lymphoid follicles within the synovium of chronic arthritis patients. J. Immunol. 2001;166:650–655
  31. Tüzün E, Meriggioli MN, Rowin J, Yang H, Christadoss P. Myasthenia gravis patients with low plasma IL-6 and IFN-γ benefit from etanercept treatment. J. Autoimmun. 2005;24:261–268
  32. Vincent A, Palace J, Hilton-Jones D. Myasthenia gravis. Lancet. 2001;357:2122–2128
  33. Yoshikawa H, Sato K, Edahiro S, Furukawa Y, Maruta T, Iwasa K, et al. Elevation of IL-12 p40 and its antibody in myasthenia gravis with thymoma. J. Neuroimmunol. 2006;175:169–175

PII: S0165-5728(10)00062-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.02.013

Journal of Neuroimmunology
Volume 221, Issue 1 , Pages 101-106 , 15 April 2010